Vehicle Lane Change Models—A Historical Review

Abstract

Lane changing is a complex operation that has a significant impact on traffic safety. The accurate identification and assessment of potential risks in the driving environment before lane changing is crucial for the safe and smooth completion of a lane change. In this paper, the research status of vehicle lane change models is reviewed. Firstly, various factors affecting lane change models are analyzed. Different drivers will be affected by vehicle dynamic parameters, vehicle driving states, and driver characteristics under various road environments. Secondly, the vehicle lane change models are divided into four types: the empirical model of lane changing, the physical model of lane changing, the cognitive model of lane changing, and the mixed model of lane changing. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of lane change models are analyzed, and the key problems to be solved by different lane change models are expounded, respectively, from the aspects of input variables and reasoning algorithms. Finally, according to the advantages and disadvantages of different lane change models, a future research direction is proposed.