Warm dark matter constraints from the JWST

Abstract

Warm dark matter (WDM) particles with masses (∼ kilo electronvolt) offer an attractive solution to the small-scale issues faced by the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. The delay of structure formation in WDM models and the associated dearth of low-mass systems at high redshifts makes this an ideal time to revisit WDM constraints in light of the unprecedented datasets from the JWST. Developing a phenomenological model based on the halo mass functions in CDM and WDM models, we calculate high redshift (z ∼> 6), the stellar mass functions (SMF) and the associated stellar mass density (SMD) and the maximum stellar mass allowed in a given volume. We find that: (i) WDM as light as 1.5 keV is already disfavoured by the low-mass end of the SMF (stellar mass M∗ ∼ 107 M⨀) although caution must be exerted given the impact of lensing uncertainties; (ii) 1.5 keV WDM models predict SMD values that show a steep decrease from 108.8 to 102 M⨀cMpc−3 from z ∼ 4 to 17 for M∗ ∼> 108 M⨀; and (iii) the 1.5 keV WDM model predicts a sharp and earlier cut-off in the maximum stellar masses for a given number density (or volume) as compared to CDM or heavier WDM models. For example, with a number density of 10−3 cMpc−3, 1.5 (3) KeV WDM models do not predict bound objects at z ∼> 12 (18). Forthcoming JWST observations of multiple blank fields can therefore be used as a strong probe of WDM at an epoch inaccessible by other means.