Construction Project Delays: Application of Lean Construction for Process Optimization and On-Time Delivery Validated through Simulation

Abstract

Construction projects in Peru often face delays that result in economic and contractual penalties. This study identifies the primary causes of project delays and proposes a process optimization model based on Lean Construction tools, applied to a road maintenance company. The methodology combines exploratory and experimental phases using operational data from 2022–2023. Pareto analysis and the 5 Whys technique identify material shortages (52%) and requisition rework (31%) as the most critical contributors to delays. To mitigate these issues, the Last Planner System, Standard Work, and Kaizen are implemented. Validation using discrete-event simulation in Arena demonstrates a 24.69% increase in project physical progress, a 39.27% reduction in accumulated delay days, and a 65.96% decrease in canceled requisitions. These results demonstrate that Lean tools can significantly improve planning reliability, reduce rework, and promote a continuous improvement culture in public works.