Effect of lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluids on human peritoneal mesothelial cell interleukin-6 and prostaglandin synthesis

Abstract

The present study focused on the evaluation of constitutive and cytokine-stimulated human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) IL-6 and 6-keto-PGF(1α) release following pre-exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). Exposure of HPMC to PDF pH 5.2 resulted in a time-dependent increase in cell cytotoxicity [as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release] and concomitant inhibition of constitutive and IL-1β stimulated IL-6 and 6-keto-PGF(1α) synthesis. After 15 minutes of exposure to PDF constitutive and IL-1β stimulated IL-6 release were reduced by 32.0 ± 9.7% and 76.0 ± 7.4% (N = 6, P < 0.046 and P < 0.027, respectively). PCR amplification of reverse transcribed mRNA from HPMC pre-exposed to PDF pH 5.2 demonstrated suppression of IL-1β stimulated IL-6 and cyclooxygenase (Cox-1 and Cox-2) transcripts. In order to mimic the dialysis cycle in vivo, an in vitro dialysis system was established. HPMC were exposed first to control medium, PDF pH 5.2 or PDF 7.3 for 15 minutes and then sequentially to pooled spent peritoneal dialysis effluent for up to four hours. The cells were subsequently allowed to recover in control medium for 12 hours in the presence or absence of IL-1β or TNF-α (both at 1000 pg/ml). There was no evidence of significant cell toxicity as assessed by LDH release during either the 'in vitro dialysis' or 'recovery' phases. Under these conditions short term exposure to PDF pH 5.2 followed by 'in vitro dialysis' resulted in significant inhibition of cytokine stimulated IL-6 (69.6 ± 18.2 vs. 96.7 ± 27.9 pg/μg, N = 13; P < 0.020 for IL-1β) and 6-keto-PGF(1α) (197.5 ± 89.2 vs. 289.6 ± 114.5 pg/μg, N = 13; P < 0.020 for IL-1β) and 6-keto-PGF(1α) (197.5 ± 89.2 vs. 289.6 ± 114.5 pg/μg, N = 13; P < 0.003) release when compared to cells incubated in control medium. Adjustment of the pH of PDF to 7.3 reversed its inhibitory effects. We conclude that short-term exposure to PDF pH 5.2 significantly inhibits HPMC cytokine and prostaglandin release, an effect which appears to be related to its initial pH. Repeated exposure to nonphysiological PDF might impair mesothelial cell function and thus modulate intraperitoneal inflammatory processes.