RUKUN-RUKUN AL-BAY’ DAN AL-IJARAH DALAM KITAB SULLAM AL-MUBTADI KARANGAN SYEIKH DAUD AL-FATANI : ANALISIS DARI PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SYARIAH

Abstract

The development of discussion on Fiqh Muamalat began since the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This is because one of the aspects contained in the Qur'an and al-Sunnah is about the aspects of economy and muamalat. With the development of Islamic civilization, the discussion of it also flourished, especially with the emergence of fiqh scholars and fiqh schools of thought (mazhab). The scholars of fiqh are among those who have played an important role in introducing ideas based on the naqli and aqli evidences and they conducted discussions on fiqh muamalat and economy. Traditional scholars in the archipelago such as Sheikh Daud al-Fatani are considered among those who played the role in the Malay World. One of the major issues discussed in fiqh muamalat is al-Bay' (sale and purchase) and al-Ijarah (rents). In this regard, the related issues arise as to the principles of Maqasid al-Syariah which lead to the discussion. Based of the mentioned fact, this study aims to analyze the principles of Maqasid al-Syariah contained in Rukun (principle) of al-Bay 'and al-Ijarah with a focus on one of Syeikh Daud works namely the book Sullam al-Mubtadi by adopting Content Analysis' method.Perkembangan perbincangan mengenai fiqh muamalah bermula sejak perutusan Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. kerana salah satu aspek yang terkandung dalam al-Quran dan al-Sunnah ialah mengenai aspek-aspek perekonomian dan muamalah. Dengan berkembangnya tamadun Islam maka perbincangan mengenainya turut berkembang, terutamanya dengan kemunculan ahli-ahli fiqh dan mazhab-mazhab fiqh. Ahli-ahli fiqh adalah antara golongan yang telah memainkan peranan penting dalam mengemukakan idea berdasarkan dalil-dalil naqli mahupun aqli dan menyusun perbincangan mengenai fiqh muamalah dan ekonomi (Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi (1981). Ulama-ulama tradisi di Nusantara juga seperti Syeikh Daud al-Fatani tidak ketinggalan dalam memainkan peranan tersebut di Alam Melayu. Salah satu bahagian yang utama dalam perbincangan fiqh muamalah adalah mengenai al-Bay’ (jual-beli) dan al-Ijarah (sewa-menyewa). Sehubungan dengan itu, isu berkaitan yang timbul adalah mengenai prinsip-prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah yang melatari perbincangan tersebut. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah yang terkandung dalam Rukun al-Bay’ dan al-Ijarah dengan tumpuan terhadap salah satu karya beliau iaitu kitab Sullam al-Mubtadi dengan menggunapakai kaedah ‘Content Analysis’.