Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (ScAD) presents a unique challenge due to its prompt diagnosis and treatment requirements, demanding an in-depth understanding of its underlying mechanisms. this systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the ScAD cases in patients diagnosed with coViD-19. Methods: We performed a systematic search across databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and cochrane, on June 3, 2023. We included reported cases of ScAD in coViD-19 patients that described individual patient data. Results: the study analyzed 12 case reports, revealing that all patients were confirmed coViD-19 cases with a median age of 49, predominantly female (58.3%). Most exhibited classic coViD-19 symptoms (66.7%), with severe presentations observed in those with a pregnancy history. high hS troponin levels were common (83.3%), as were ecG changes, namely St and t abnormality. coronary angiography was the primary diagnostic tool (91.7%), with the left anterior descending artery (lAD) being the most common site of dissection (50%). four cases had reduced ejection fraction, but no cardiovascular complications occurred post-management. this study elaborates on the characteristics of ScAD in coViD-19 patients, and appropriate modalities and treatments were observed.