Conducta ante los estados hipertensivos del embarazo

Abstract

Hypertensive states of pregnancy are a set of disor- ders that occur during gestation whose common nexus is hypertension. They must be given special emphasis due to their implication in maternal and neonatal mor- bidity and mortality. A classification is made of the different hypertensi- ve states, with special emphasis placed on preeclamp- sia. This article defines the symptoms and signs of the disease and a differential diagnosis is made amongst diseases that must be ruled out. It is important to iden- tify expectant mothers with preeclampsia, and it is of even greater importance in such cases to rule out some criterion of seriousness, as this will enable a different management to be carried out. The article includes the indications and the mo- ment when the pregnancy finalises. Similarly, it details the controls that must be made if an expectant manage- ment is chosen for the benefit of the premature baby. The different anti-hypertensive therapeutical options are detailed, as well as the prophylactic treatment of eclampsia with magnesium sulphate. Because of their intrinsic interest, we draw special attention to the HELLP syndrome and to eclampsia as complications. The treatment and conduct that must be followed in gestation is described. Key