A minireview of the anatomical and pathological factors pertaining to Costen’s syndrome symptoms

Abstract

Objective: Interest in the symptoms pertaining to Costen’s syndrome has revived in recent years. The aim of this work is to address the symptoms of Costen’s syndrome from the basic science perspective Methods: A minireview of the literature related to Costen’s syndrome symptoms was performed by retrieving relevant articles from the PubMed database from 1980 until 2021. Results: The validity of Costen’s syndrome symptoms has been confirmed by a multitude of articles. Conclusion: Maladaptive plasticity in the central nervous system pathways probably accounts for the incidence and severity of Costen’s syndrome symptoms.