Apolipoprotein E ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype is associated with premature myocardial infarction: a hospital based retrospective study

Abstract

Objective: To explore the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of premature (age of onset: men ≤ 55 years old, women ≤ 65 years old) myocardial infarction (PMI). Methods: This study retrospectively collected the medical records (age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and serum lipid) of 379 PMI patients and 628 age-matched non-AMI individuals (controls), from December 2018 to March 2024. The relationship between APOE polymorphisms and PMI was analyzed. Results: 15(1.5%) individuals carried ɛ2/ɛ2, 147(14.6%) had ɛ2/ɛ3, 16(1.6%) presented with ɛ2/ɛ4, 670(66.5%) were ɛ3/ɛ3 carriers, 149(14.8%) had ɛ3/ɛ4, and 10 (1.0%) carried ɛ4/ɛ4. The proportion of ɛ2/ɛ3 genotype was significantly lower in the PMI group than in controls (7.7% vs. 18.8%, p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype was substantially higher in the PMI group (20.6% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified some associated factors: smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 3.057, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.098–4.455, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 4.474, 95% CI: 3.273–6.117, p < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (OR: 1.805, 95% CI: 1.333–2.443, p < 0.001). Additionally, genetic factors were associated with PMI: the APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype (vs. ɛ3/ɛ3, OR: 1.548, 95% CI: 1.038–2.309, p = 0.032) and the presence of ɛ4 allele (vs. ɛ3, OR: 1.521, 95% CI: 1.033–2.241, p = 0.034) were confirmed as independent associated factors. Conclusions: APOE ε3/ε4 genotype was significantly associated with PMI, suggesting that this genotype could serve as a potential genetic marker for PMI risk assessment.