The impact of geological structures on groundwater potential assessment in volcanic rocks in the Borena Sayint district, northwestern Ethiopian Plateau: a review

Abstract

This review explores the influence of geological structures on groundwater potential in the Borena Sayint district, northwestern Ethiopian Plateau. The region's tectonic complexity has shaped fractures, faults, and folds that critically affect groundwater storage and flow, particularly in volcanic terrains with limited primary porosity. Structural features such as faults, fractures, and lineaments enhance secondary porosity and control aquifer dynamics by guiding recharge, flow, and discharge processes. Case studies demonstrate how these features interact with volcanic lithology and tectonic processes, influencing groundwater movement. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating geological, geophysical, and hydrological methods for effective exploration and sustainable management of groundwater resources in structurally and lithologically complex volcanic regions.