The megamaser cosmology project. I. Very long baseline interferometric observations of UGC 3789

Abstract

The Megamaser Cosmology Project (MCP) seeks to measure the Hubble Constant (H0) in order to improve the extragalactic distance scale and constrain the nature of dark energy. We are searching for sources of H2O maser emission from active galactic nuclei with sub-pc accretion disks, as inNGC 4258, and following up these discoveries with very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) imaging and spectral monitoring. Here we present a VLBI map of the H2O masers toward UGC 3789, a galaxy well into the Hubble Flow. We have observed masers moving at rotational speeds up to 800 km s-1 at radii as small as 0.08 pc. Our map reveals masers in a nearly edge-on disk in Keplerian rotation about a 107 M supermassive black hole. When combined with centripetal accelerations, obtained by observing spectral drifts of maser features (to be presented in Paper II), the UGC 3789 masers may provide an accurate determination of H0, independent of luminosities and metallicity and extinction corrections.