Yield performances of tomatoes ( Lycopersicum esculentum) on organic manure buffered lateritic soils

Abstract

This paper describes methodological details used by WHO in 2018 to estimate TB incidence and mortality. Incidence and mortality are disaggregated by HIV status, age and sex. Methods to derive MDR-TB burden indicators are detailed. Four main methods are used to derive incidence: (​ i​) case notification data combined with expert opinion about case detection gaps (43 countries representing 16% of global incidence in 2017); (​ ii​) results from TB prevalence surveys (23 countries, 60% of global incidence); (​ iii​) notifications in high-income countries adjusted by a standard factor to account for under-reporting and underdiagnosis (144 countries, 15% of global incidence) and (​ iv​) capture-recapture modelling (6 countries, 9% of global incidence). Mortality was obtained from national vital registration systems of mortality surveys in 127 countries (57% of global HIV-negative TB mortality), and among 19 of them, based on estimates published by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. In other countries, mortality was derived indirectly from incidence and case fatality ratio.