Mapping spatial patterns of small-scale coastal fisheries in data-limited regions

Abstract

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) are a vital component of the fisheries sector and workforce; however, their activities are often underreportedand limiting their inclusion in broader management plans. As area-based conservation and spatial planning initiatives continue to expand, estimating the spatial distribution of SSF fishing effort has become essential for effective planning and management. Given the scarcity of detailed geolocation data, we developed and applied a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis framework to integrate key factors influencing fishing effort allocation and calculate a fishing pressure index. This approach combines environmental factors, management criteria, and competing marine uses within a hierarchical decision-making process to identify areas with characteristics that maximize SSF suitability. Using fleet register data on the number and capacity of vessels registered at each port, we identify potential fishing hotspots from the spatial distribution of fleet capacity and integrated this information to derive a combined fishing pressure index. This methodology is valuable for addressing reporting gaps in areas where SSF fisheries are not systematically documented, as demonstrated through a case study in the Greek Seas. Developing spatial proxies for SSF enhances their management and facilitates the integration of sectoral planning into maritime spatial planning, thereby supporting the sustainability of SSF and protecting the interests of fishing communities in increasingly crowded seas.