Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis Using Sugarcane Bagasse Selectively Delignified via Alkaline Sulfite Pretreatment

Abstract

Bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse is a promising second-generation biofuel due to its abundance as a sugar industry by-product. Herein, enzymatic hydrolysate obtained from sugarcane bagasse pretreated with optimized hydrothermal alkaline sulfite (HAS) was evaluated for its fermentability using Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 and Scheffersomyces stipitis CBS 5773. The HAS pretreatment achieved a high delignification rate (63%), resulting in a cellulose-and hemicellulose-enriched substrate (55% and 27%, respectively). While the cellulose content remained relatively constant, hemicellulose content was reduced by 25%, with significant removal of acetyl groups (80%) and arabinan groups (39%). The pretreated bagasse exhibited high digestibility, applying 10 FPU (filter paper unit) cellulase together with 10 CBU (cellobiose unit) β-glucosidase per gram of dry bagasse in the hydrolysis step, yielding 72% glucan and 66% xylan conversion within 72 h. The resulting hydrolysate was efficiently fermented by S. cerevisiae and S. stipitis, achieving ethanol yields of 0.51 and 0.43 g/g of sugars, respectively. The fermentation kinetics were comparable to those observed in a synthetic medium containing pure sugars, demonstrating the effectiveness of HAS pretreatment in generating readily fermentable, carbohydrate-rich substrates. HAS pretreatment enabled improved conversion of sugarcane bagasse into fermentation-ready sugars, constituting a potential resource for bioethanol synthesis applying both S. cerevisiae and S. stipitis in the future.