Oral health awareness and hygiene practices among Pakistani children: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: Maintaining optimal dental health during childhood is foundational for quality of life and prevention of common oral diseases, notably dental caries and periodontal conditions. Optimal pediatric oral health is essential for lifelong wellbeing, yet oral diseases remain prevalent among children globally. Objective: This study evaluates oral health awareness and hygiene practices among children in three major cities of Pakistan, aiming to highlight knowledge gaps and behavioral patterns. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 children aged 6–15 years from Karachi, Lahore, and Rawalpindi using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Consent was obtained from guardians, and children were assisted in the local language. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 27). Results: Most participants were aware that brushing prevents dental problems and that excessive sugar consumption is harmful. While 61% believed twice-daily brushing was ideal, only 52% practiced it. Dental visits were primarily problem-driven; only 10.5% visited biannually. Non-recommended habits, such as nail biting, were common. Oral health information predominantly came from parents rather than schools. Conclusion: Despite adequate awareness, gaps exist between knowledge and practice in pediatric oral hygiene. School-based programs, improved parental education, and regular preventive dental visits are crucial to reduce oral disease burden in Pakistani children.