Armadillos as natural pests control? Food habits of five armadillo species in Argentina

Abstract

Armadillos are among the most common mammals in agroecosystems in Argentina. Their insec-tivorous/omnivorous food habits raise the question about their putative role as pest controllers. The aim of this study is to describe the prey items of five armadillo species and evaluate their possible role as natural pest controllers. The stomach contents of 12 Dasypus hybridus, 10 Chaetophractus vellerosus, 14 Chaetophractus villosus, 4 Tolypeutes matacus and 9 Zaedyus pichiy were analyzed. We described the diet and identified prey items to family level, whenever possible, and computed the frequency of occurrence (FO) and relative abundance of prey items. With these values, the Item Categorization Index (ICI) was calculated to classify the items in order of importance (primary, secondary and tertiary items). Shannon diversity index was also computed. The armadillos studied here consumed arthropod species belonging to families of phytosanitary importance such as Acrididae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae, Lepidoptera, Formicidae, and Termitidae. Only two armadillos showed primary items in their diet; Z. pichiy (ants and tenebrionids) and T. matacus (termites and scarabid larvae). Important pest arthropods had FO values close to or greater than 50% in the diet of all armadillos. Armadillos consumed arthropods that are important pests for agriculture, forestry, and wood construction. Even though this study was mainly focused on armadillos’ diet, we suggest that the presence of these native species could benefit the productivity and health of agroecosystems by reducing the need for harmful agrochemicals.