Supply Chain Collaboration and Green Innovation Performance in Chinese Logistics Services: Policy Heterogeneity and Organizational Capabilities

Abstract

China's logistics industry faces mounting pressure for green transformation under the dual carbon strategy. This study investigates how supply chain collaboration, policy drivers, and organizational capabilities influence green innovation performance in Chinese logistics enterprises. Using panel data from 50 logistics companies (2017-2023), we employ fixed-effects regression models to examine direct and interaction effects. Results demonstrate that supply chain collaboration significantly enhances green innovation performance (β=0.463, p<0.001). Policy effectiveness varies by ownership structure, with state-owned enterprises showing stronger responsiveness ( β=0.416, p<0.05) than private firms. The interaction between organizational capabilities and supply chain collaboration produces additional positive effects (β =0.172, p<0.05). These findings suggest that effective green innovation requires integrated approaches combining internal capability building with external collaboration, while policy design should account for ownership heterogeneity. The study contributes to understanding collaborative innovation mechanisms in logistics service systems and provides insights for differentiated policy implementation.