Ameliorative Potential of Euphorbia hirta (Linn.) Extract against Lipopolysaccharide Induced-neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage in Rats

Abstract

Objective: To find out the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory capabilities of Euphorbia hirta Linn. methanol extract in LPS-induced to oxidative stress animal model. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce oxidative stress in rats. Oxidative stress bio-markers (TBARS, GSH, CAT and SOD) were evaluated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess assay were used analysis of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) level in brain tissues respectively. An anxiety was calculated by elevated plus maze test. Result: LPS treated rats showed markedly depleted brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level (56.25%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) level (43.93%) and catalase (CAT) level (58.55%) in brain tissue, whereas a significant (p<0.01) raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (106.67%), nitric oxide (NO) level (149.0%) and also depicts a significant increase in levels of cytokines mainly TNF-α (60 %), IL-6 (50.28%) and IL-1β (106.77%) in the brain tissue. After 21 days, rats were supplementated orally with methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta (MEEH) in two different doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, resulted in normalization of GSH, CAT and SOD levels in dose dependent manner, while a significant (p<0.01) decreased in the MDA, cytokines and nitric oxide levels in the brain tissue, compared with LPS group. The behavioral study of time spent in open arms using maze model showed a significant results. Conclusion: The pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and oxidative stress bio-markers (TBARS, GSH, CAT and SOD) are inhibited by MEEH. Present study showed that the MEEH exhibited strong anti-oxidant properties. Keywords: