Overview on Internet of Things (IoT) Architectures, Enabling Technologies and Challenges

Abstract

IoT systems are known for being complex, heterogeneous, distributed, resources constrained, integrating probably moving devices or services in a highly dynamic environment. This is a non exhaustive set of characteristics that an IoT system should satisfy. Designing an IoT system according to a given architecture in order to satisfy a set of required characteristics is a priority in order to meet principal requirements of the system according to the specific application field. In this paper, we give an overview of main existing categories of IoT architectures. We identify principally software IoT architecture, hardware IoT architecture, and general IoT architecture. Based on this study, we propose an end-to-end IoT architecture designed according to a five layered model. We propose a summary of different enabling technologies presented according to the end-to-end architecture. We finally exhibit main challenges of IoT systems that can be raised at different contexts and applications.