Alert Systems for People Living with Dementia who go Missing: Case Studies in Canada, Scotland, and the United States

Abstract

Background: People living with dementia face a risk of going missing, which can result in injury or death and distress for care partners. Although it is believed that alert systems can help locate missing persons and reduce risk through community engagement, little is known about implementation and user experiences. Objective: This study explored experiences with alert systems and related policies for missing persons with dementia, drawing on stories and insights from individuals who went missing, care partners, and those involved in search efforts. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups with 40 individuals, including people with lived experience, first responders, service providers, policymakers from Canada, Scotland, and the United States and analyzed thematically. Results: Three key themes were identified: 1) implementing alert systems and policies, 2) experiences of going missing, and 3) factors that help or delay locating missing persons. Participants emphasized the importance of interest holder involvement, community buy-in, and legislative support for implementation. Challenges included sustainable funding and limited evaluation. The emotional impact of missing incidents highlighted the need for prompt police reporting, coordinated search efforts, tailored mobile alerts, and public education. Conclusion: According to participants, effective alert systems require geographic-specific mobile notifications and coordinated planning. Strong partnerships among first responders, health care and service providers, and community organizations, supported by training and public education, would improve preparedness and support for people living with dementia and their care partners.