Lumber Kiln Technology and Training Needs in the Northeastern United States

Abstract

This study surveyed dry kiln operations in the northeastern and north-central United States to understand current technology use and training needs. The research aimed to establish a better understanding of dry kiln production characteristics, prevailing tools and technology, and training requirements in the hardwood lumber drying industry to help providers better design training opportunities for the industry. Several different hardwood species were being dried by a majority of firms, while eastern white pine was the only softwood species dried by a majority of respondents. Key findings revealed a significant operational divide between small and large firms. For example, fewer than half of small facilities (≤1,000 board feet production) plan to invest in new drying equipment in the next 3 years. Smaller facilities also are significantly less likely to adopt crucial quality-control tools such as kiln samples and end coatings and show a greater reluctance to invest in new equipment or upgrades compared to medium and large firms. This directly correlates with their higher number of reported problems in achieving uniform final moisture content and mitigating warping. In contrast, larger firms, often with integrated postdrying processes like sorting and grading, prioritize advanced quality control but face challenges such as discoloration. The results underscore the need for tailored training programs and strategic modernization investments to address the unique challenges of different operational scales, ultimately enhancing product quality and fostering sustainable regional practices.