Palatoschisis in the dog: Developmental mechanisms and etiology

Abstract

Palatoschisis is a frequently occurring birth defect in man and domestic animals. It is caused by a failure of the elevation, apposition or fusion of the lateral palatine processes, resulting in the persistence of a slit-like opening between the oral and nasal cavities. Due to swallowing difficulties, this condition eventually leads to severe malnutrition and life-threatening aspiration pneumonia unless adequate treatment is provided. The formation of the palate is the result of a sequence of well-regulated steps. Palatoschisis can result from any interference with local cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, the aberrant production of mucopolysaccharides or interference with the active extension of the neck. It results from a single or combined action of genetic, mechanical and/or environmental teratogenic factors. The complex etiology of a cleft palate, its potential hereditary characteristics and possible association with other congenital defects should be carefully considered prior to any corrective therapy.