From lab to market with sustainable sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries in many areas, including the mobility and grid-level storage sectors. They are now explicitly included in many technology–strategy roadmaps and are the subject of active research and development efforts around the globe. Current NIBs are enabled by three distinct chemical compositions, each of which has its own specific characteristics and, consequently, performance and economic considerations. This Review highlights the remaining scientific challenges for researchers and provides consumers with contemporary factual indicators to enable them to select the appropriate NIB for their needs.