PROFIL GANGGUAN NEUROKOGNITIF PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT PARKINSON DI RUMAH SAKIT RUJUKAN DI KOTA DENPASAR TAHUN 2018

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang: Fungsi kognitif merupakan aktivitas mental yang dilakukan secara sadar, dan gangguannya dapat diukur secara objektif menggunakan alat diagnosis baku. Gangguan fungsi kognitif memiliki dampak besar pada kualitas hidup penderita Penyakit Parkinson (PP), menambah beban pengampu, dan menambah biaya kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan profil gangguan neurokognitif penderita PP di rumah sakit (RS) rujukan Kota Denpasar berdasarkan demografis, gejala PP, dan domain kognitif yang terganggu. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif potong lintang terhadap 47 penderita PP rawat jalan di RS rujukan Kota Denpasar. Hasil: Angka kejadian gangguan neurokogitif pada pasien PP di RS rujukan Kota Denpasar sebesar 55.3% dengan distribusi terbanyak pada laki-laki (72.3%), usia ³60 tahun (63.8%), pendidikan perguruan tinggi atau sederajat (44.7%), dan pensiunan (21.3%). Sebagian besar subjek telah menderita PP selama >5 tahun (42.3%), stadium Hoehn and Yahr2 (38.5%), dan gejala motorik dominan berupa rigiditas bilateral (26.9%). Domain yang terganggu adalah eksekutif (48.9%), memori (46.8%), visuospasial (29.8%), atensi (23.4%), dan bahasa (10.6%). Simpulan: Lebih dari setengah penderita PP rawat jalan di RS rujukan Kota Denpasar mengalami gangguan neurokognitif dengan karakteristik laki-laki, usia lebih dari 60 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi, dan pensiunan. Gangguan eksekutif merupakan domain neurokognitif yang paling banyak didapatkan. Kata Kunci: Penyakit Parkinson, gangguan neurokognitif, prevalensi gangguan neurokognitif pada PP   Abstract Background: Cognitive is mental activity performed by human consciously, and the impairment could be evaluated objectively by several diagnostic tools. Impaired cognition has a major impact on quality of life, increasing caregiver burden, and increasing health expense in patients with Parkinson Disease (PD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and profile of neurocognitive impairments in patients with PD in referral hospitals in Denpasar, based on demographic, PD symptoms, and cognitive domain disturbed. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study measured 47 PD outpatients in referral hospitals in Denpasar. Result: The occurance rate of neurocognitive impairment in PD patients in referral hospital in Denpasar was 55.3%, the highest neurocognitive impairment group were male (72.3%), ³60 years old (63.8%), university graduate (44.7%), and retired (21.3%). The subjects were predominantly have PD for more than 5 years (42.3%), Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 (38.5%), and the dominant motoric symptom was bilateral rigidity (26.9%). Domain disturbed were executive (48.9%), memory (46.8%), visuospatial (29.8%), attention (23.4%), and language (10.6%). Conclussion: More than half PD outpatients in referral hospital in Denpasar has neurocognitive impairment. Males, more than60 years old, university graduates, and retired were dominating.Executive disturbance was the most neurocognitive disorders found. Keywords:Parkinson Disease, neurocognitive impairment, neurocognitive impairment prevalence in PD