ML-RASPF: A Machine Learning-Based Rate-Adaptive Framework for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Smart Healthcare IoT

Abstract

The growing adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare has led to a surge in real-time data from wearable devices, medical sensors, and patient monitoring systems. This latency-sensitive environment poses significant challenges to traditional cloud-centric infrastructures, which often struggle with unpredictable service demands, network congestion, and end-to-end delay constraints. Consistently meeting the stringent QoS requirements of smart healthcare, particularly for life-critical applications, requires new adaptive architectures. We propose ML-RASPF, a machine learning-based framework for efficient service delivery in smart healthcare systems. Unlike existing methods, ML-RASPF jointly optimizes latency and service delivery rate through predictive analytics and adaptive control across a modular mist–edge–cloud architecture. The framework formulates task provisioning as a joint optimization problem that aims to minimize service latency and maximize delivery throughput. We evaluate ML-RASPF using a realistic smart hospital scenario involving IoT-enabled kiosks and wearable devices that generate both latency-sensitive and latency-tolerant service requests. Experimental results demonstrate that ML-RASPF achieves up to 20% lower latency, 18% higher service delivery rate, and 19% reduced energy consumption compared to leading baselines.