The Multiple Functionality of Input Material in Learning: Environment, Knowledgeable Guide, and Mediators of Social Interaction

Abstract

Learning materials often play a significant role in the learning process, but their specific roles can vary depending on the situation. Based on Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural theory and Piaget’s (1952) stages of cognitive development, we can propose three channels through which children learn: the environment, more knowledgeable individuals, and intermediaries of social interaction. Surprisingly, learning materials can assume all three roles in different situations. A child's environment determines the learning materials and resources they have access to. When students learn without the involvement of a teacher, the learning materials become their source of knowledge. Teachers and peers also utilize learning materials as intermediaries during instruction.