Synthesis, characterization, and application of chitosan nanomaterials loaded with zinc and copper for plant growth and protection

Abstract

In recent years, chitosan-based nanomaterials have been the most researched biomaterials in the field of medical, pharmaceutical, and agriculture. Metal- based chitosan nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to its dual activity as plant growth promoter and plant protection agent. In addition, chitosan encapsulated metals are less toxic due to slow release phenomenon and showed long-lasting effect in plants. Blending of Zn and Cu with nanochitosan has additional advantages of providing nutrition to plants and help in vigor growth of plant for further protection from abiotic and biotic stress. In addition, Cu/Zn chitosan nanoparticles have been successfully tested against many plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Moreover, Cu/Zn chitosan nanoparticles are involved in inducing amylase and protease enzymes related to mobilization of food for seed germination. A recent study revealed that Zn/Cu chitosan nanomaterials are enhancing defense enzymes of plant which protect them from diseases. In this chapter, we have explained thoroughly the synthesis of Cu and Zn chitosan NPs, their characterization and applications in plant growth, and protection.