Experimental and Field Assessment of Mineral–Cement–Emulsion Mixtures Containing Recycled Components

Abstract

This study investigates the performance of mineral–cement–emulsion (MCE) mixtures produced with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled mineral aggregates for use in road base layers. The aim was to evaluate the mechanical properties, field performance, and key factors influencing the cracking behavior of these sustainable cold-recycled mixtures. Approximately 160 laboratory tests were performed to determine indirect tensile strength (ITS), stiffness modulus (IT-CY), bulk density, and air-void content. The MCE mixture achieved an average ITS of 1.09 MPa and stiffness modulus of 5873 MPa after 28 days of curing, confirming compliance with design requirements. The field investigation of a test section showed good structural integrity and compaction, although several transverse cracks developed during the first year of service. The mechanistic interpretation attributed these cracks to combined cement hydration shrinkage and thermal contraction effects. The results indicate that MCE mixtures made with recycled materials can meet technical specifications while reducing environmental impact, provided that binder proportions and curing conditions are carefully optimized.