An outline of the history of phytopathology

Abstract

Parapsychology began in the late 18th century with natural interpretations of psi experiences. In the 19th, mesmerism and derivatives produced testable claims and psychical research societies were formed. Universities admitted parapsychology in the 20th century; in 1927, McDougall sponsored the Duke laboratory. In 1934 ESP provided methodology and organization and established clairvoyant ESP. The 1940s confirmed known types of psi and basic properties. The 1950s introduced investigations of animals, races, cultures, mental measurements, and initiated courses, textbooks, and an international professional organization. The 1960s represent security, independent status, improved support, and tacit (reluctant) acceptance. ((c) 1997 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)