Hemoglobin quantification in red blood cells via dry mass mapping based on UV absorption

Abstract

Significance: The morphological properties and hemoglobin (Hb) content of red blood cells (RBCs) are essential biomarkers to diagnose or monitor various types of hematological disorders. Label-free mass mapping approaches enable accurate Hb quantification from individual cells, serving as promising alternatives to conventional hematology analyzers. Deep ultraviolet (UV) microscopy is one such technique that allows high-resolution, molecular imaging, and absorption-based mass mapping. Aim: To compare UV absorption-based mass mapping at four UV wavelengths and understand variations across wavelengths and any assumptions necessary for accurate Hb quantification. Approach: Whole blood smears are imaged with a multispectral UV microscopy system, and the RBCs’ dry masses are computed. This approach is compared to quantitative phase imaging-based mass mapping using data from an interferometric UV imaging system. Results: Consistent Hb mass and mean corpuscular Hb values are obtained at all wavelengths, with the precision of the single-cell mass measurements being nearly identical at 220, 260, and 280 nm but slightly lower at 300 nm. Conclusions: A full hematological analysis (including white blood cell identification and characterization, and Hb quantification) may be achieved using a single UV illumination wavelength, thereby improving the speed and cost-effectiveness.