Ageing phenomenon in acrylic polymer dental materials detected by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.

Abstract

Polymer materials based on acrylic monomers are commonly used in dentistry. It is important to research the structure of dental filling materials towards the material ageing. The study has been conducted in order to determine the presence of free volume gaps in the structure of polymer materials. Brand new, acrylic polymer based samples of dental Dipol materials were used as a research material. The study was conducted by means of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). As a result of the conducted measurements, curves describing numbers of counts of the acts of annihilation in the time function were obtained. The conducted studies revealed the existence of four components τ1, τ2, τ3 and τ4. The τ3 and τ4 components are attributed to the pick-off annihilation of o-Ps orthopositronium trapping by free volume gaps and provide information about geometrical parameters of the volumes. LT 9 computer program was used to calculate components. Free volume holes were determined from empirical relationship between the radius of free volume and the long lifetime components. Conducted studies indicate the presence of free volume holes in the research materials. It has been noted that a new long lifetime component is assigned to a new kind of free volumes that exist in the structure of material related to the material ageing.