Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and genotype distribution among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from May 2019 to June 2020. Cervical samples were collected from women in the different regions of Kazakhstan. Results: A total of 316 patients’ samples were analysed for HR-HPV using real-time multiplex PCR. Cervical cytology abnormalities were reported according to the Bethesda classification. HPV detection by cytology showed a statistically significant association with HPV status and the number of HPV infection types (p < .05). Among women with abnormal cervical cytology, 62.4% were positive for HPV infection of those 79.4% had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 20.6% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Among patients with LSIL, 77.4% had HPV16 and 58.8% were infected with HPV18. Among patients with HSIL, 41.2% had HPV18 and 22.6%–HPV16. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of HR-HPV types among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. The most identified types were HPV16, 18, 31, 33 and 52. There is an emergency need to implement an HPV vaccination program to prevent cervical lesion development.