Supersolid stacks in antidipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We theoretically investigate a supersolid structure taking the form of stacked, disk-shaped superfluid droplets connected via a dilute superfluid, in an antidipolar condensate. A phase diagram is determined for varying the particle number and scattering length, identifying the regions of a regular dipolar superfluid, supersolid stacks, and isolated stacked disk-shaped droplets in an experimentally realizable trapping potential. The collective Bogoliubov excitation spectrum across the superfluid-supersolid phase transition is studied, and the transition point is found to be associated with the breaking of the degeneracy of the two lowest-lying modes. The dynamical generation of the supersolid stacks is also investigated by ramping down the scattering length across the phase transition. Moreover, we have studied the impact of vortex-line penetration on the phase transition. We have found that the presence of a vortex line causes the supersolid region to move towards weaker contact interactions. Our detailed numerical simulations highlight that an antidipolar condensate can create such supersolid stacks within an experimentally reachable parameter regime.