Effect of oral irrigation device and its solution type on the surface roughness and topography of Bulk-fill composite resins

Abstract

Background: Surface roughness and topography of composite resin materials have a significant role in biofilm aggregation, periodontitis, and recurrent caries. The present study evaluated the effect of the Waterpik oral irrigation device (OID) with different solution [water/ chlorhexidine (CHX)] on the surface roughness and topography of microhybrid (x-tra fil) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk) bulk-fill composite resins. Material and Methods: Disk-shaped samples were prepared from each composite resin, measuring 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height, and assigned to three groups in terms of treatment (n=19): group A, control (storage in distilled water); group B, OID with water; group C, OID with 0.5% CHX. The samples were treated for eight weeks, simulating one-year use of OID. Profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate and compare quantitatively surface roughness (Ra) and qualitative topography of composite resin surfaces before and after treatment. The data were analyzed with paired-samples, Wilcoxon, and generalized estimating equations tests ^=0.05). Results: The application of OID increased the Ra of composite resin compared to the control group (P<0.001). No significant difference was detected between the two solutions (water and CHX) (P=0.615). The effect of composite resin type and the cumulative effect of composite resin type and OID solution were not significant on the surface roughness changes of the samples (P=0.243 and P=0.464, respectively). Conclusions: OID with water and CHX solutions increased the surface roughness and topographic changes of microhybrid and nanohybrid bulk-fill composite resins.