Collimation by a polycapillary half lens at 277 eV

Abstract

We report on the efficient collimation of soft X-rays with an energy of 277 eV by a halved polycapillary lens (PCL), made of borosilicate glass. Using electron-excited, micro fluorescence emission in the focus of the PCL, experiments reveal an angular divergence of (6.9 ± 0.2) mrad in the far field of the emitted beam. For a source of ≈5 μ m in size, that result is confirmed by simulations, obtained with a newly developed ray tracing code. An analytical fit model is proposed and applied to characterize the evolution of the measured as well as calculated, three-dimensional (3-D) intensity distribution. The photon flux density in a free-space propagation distance of (0.4 − 0.9) m from the PCL is enhanced by a factor of ≈(30 − 90) in comparison to the direct, not collimated radiation, as it is detected through a mm-sized transmission slit. Our findings could help to establish the halved PCL as a versatile tool in the table-top metrology of optical elements, such as mirrors and gratings for soft X-rays.