Patient Safety in the Critical Care Setting: Common Risks and Review of Evidence-Based Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has evolved in the last 50 years. This evolution's main drivers include equipment and software improvements, the patient safety movement, and a better pathophysiological understanding of critical illness. There is mounting pressure from accreditation agencies, governmental regulation, financial challenges, operational dynamics, staffing changes, and increased acuity affecting-ICU care delivery and impacting patient safety. There are higher than ever expectations to improve clinical outcomes after an intensive care stay, to enhance patient safety, to increase family involvement in decision making, and merge the multidisciplinary medical experience into an effective teamwork. Leadership focus is directed towards increasing diversity and inclusion in the workforce while enhancing psychological safety. This review addresses the common risks for patient safety in the intensive care setting and describes the changes in mindset and application of evidence-based mitigation strategies.