Living labs as a methodology for service design - An analysis based on cases and discussions from a systems approach viewpoint

Abstract

Recently "Living Labs (LLs)" have attracted attentions as a method which aims at actively involving citizens for longer term to co-create service. Despite its increased interests, there is no unified definition of what LLs are. In order to develop a service successfully by utilizing this approach, it is of critical importance to understand the methodology in depth, and then localize them to fit to conditions in practice. In this paper, we investigated preceding LL cases in Japan and Scandinavia, depict the methodological features of LL, and review them from the systems approach perspective.