Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Carbon Nanodots: Electrochemical Sensing of Alcohols for Freshness Monitoring for Application as Packaging Materials

Abstract

The increasing demand for innovative, sustainable, and functional food packaging solutions has led to the exploration of polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanodots (CNDs) as promising materials for smart packaging. This study investigates the potential of PANI/CND composites for electrochemical sensing of alcohols, a key indicator of spoilage in food products. By leveraging the unique properties of PANI, a conducting polymer, and the fluorescence and electrochemical activity of CNDs, we propose a dual-function smart packaging material capable of real-time monitoring of alcohol levels, which are often released during the fermentation or degradation of food. The integration of PANI with CNDs enhances the material’s sensitivity and stability, offering a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and responsive solution for freshness and spoilage detection. The electrochemical sensing mechanism allows for rapid, non-destructive testing, providing consumers and food producers with an efficient tool to assess product quality and safety. This work paves the way for the development of intelligent packaging systems that can not only detect spoilage but also actively contribute to food preservation, reducing waste and improving food safety.