Socio-economic determinants of anemia in pregnancy in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Globally, anemia in pregnancy increases maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. According to 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 22% of pregnant women in Ethiopia were reported to be anemic. However, since the Ethiopian population is diverse with regard to culture, religion and other characteristics, this evidence may not represent the condition in our study area. So, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among women receiving Antenatal Care (ANC) in Debre Berhan Town Hospitals and Clinics. Methods We conducted an institution based cross sectional study among women receiving ANC at hospitals and clinics in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia from September to November, 2013. Antenatal care providers in the respective health facilities collected the data by interview and observation using closed and open-ended questions. We computed frequencies and percentages to describe the data. We performed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. STATA version 12 was used to carry out the analyses. Results A total of 295 participants completed the study, with a response rate of 89%. This study demonstrated a 10% prevalence of anemia out of which 64.3%, 32% and 4% of the respondents were with mild, moderate and severe anemia respectively. Anemia was statistically significantly associated with education and occupation. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in our study area is lower than previous studies’ findings. Literacy and job status of the women were predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Since this study was conducted on women who had an opportunity to visit health facilities, it is more valuable to conduct community based research to better understand the problem in the study area and thus propose future deliverable.