Spatiotemporal adaptation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism city resilience and residents’happiness level: Taking Zhangjiajie City as an example

Abstract

The adaptation of tourism city resilience and residents’happiness level greatly affects the sustainable development capacity of tourism cities and the improvement of residents’ happiness level. By constructing an evaluation indicator system of tourism city resilience and residents’happiness level and taking Zhangjiajie, a typical tourism city, as an example, this study empirically analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of adaptation from 2002 to 2020 and its internal and external impact factors using the entropy weight technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method and an adaptive quantification model. The results show that: (1) The adaptation of tourism city resilience and residents’happiness level has gradually evolved to a high level, and has experienced the transition of no adaptation-moderate adaptation-relative highly adaptation-high adaptation, and the temporal evolution trend is generally positive. However, the spatial differentiation is significant, showing the characteristics of instability and volatility. (2) In terms of internal drivers, economic resilience and ecological resilience in the tourism city resilience system, and family environment and co- construction and sharing in the residents’happiness level system are the main obstacles affecting adaptation. (3) In terms of external environmental drivers, the four elements of proportion of fixed asset investment in GDP, highway mileage, urban population density, and proportion of employees in the accommodation and catering industry are closely related to the degree of adaptation, and significantly contribute to adaptation. Based on the conclusions, relevant policy recommendations were put forward in order to provide some reference for the high-quality development of tourism cities and the improvement of residents’happiness level.