The Influence of Social Capital and Water Infrastructure on the Level of Happiness Index in Rural Area

Abstract

Nowadays, access to drinking water services in Indonesia is below the SDG's target where 100% of the people must have access to clean water, but based on data from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (2018), there are only 72 percent of Indonesians having access to piped water through The Indonesian Water Supply Company (PDAM) and only 7,474 villages (out of 72,944 villages) have access to piped clean water. To overcome the limited access to drinking water in rural areas, communities are supported to establish community-based drinking water organizations (HIPPAM) to manage local water supply services. Increasing access to adequate drinking water is expected to influence the level of population welfare measured in the happiness index. Sumbermujur Village is one of the villages that can manage water by establishing HIPPAM. From the SNA calculation, it can be seen that the value of social capital in Sumbermujur village are classified as good. The ties formed from the HIPPAM community are very strong. Based on community characteristics and values on the 10 happiness index variables, it was found that all hamlets in Sumbermujur Village belong to the "happy" group. The social relations variable in the happiness index has a similar characteristic with environmental conditions and family harmony.