Analysis of the Rotational Properties of Kuiper Belt Objects

Abstract

We use optical data on 10 Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) to investigate their rotational properties. Of the 10, three (30%) exhibit light variations with amplitude delta_m >= 0.15 mag, and 1 out of 10 (10%) has delta_m >= 0.40 mag, which is in good agreement with previous surveys. These data, in combination with the existing database, are used to discuss the rotational periods, shapes, and densities of Kuiper Belt objects. We find that, in the sampled size range, Kuiper Belt objects have a higher fraction of low amplitude lightcurves and rotate slower than main belt asteroids. The data also show that the rotational properties and the shapes of KBOs depend on size. If we split the database of KBO rotational properties into two size ranges with diameter larger and smaller than 400 km, we find that: (1) the mean lightcurve amplitudes of the two groups are different with 98.5% confidence, (2) the corresponding power-law shape distributions seem to be different, although the existing data are too sparse to render this difference significant, and (3) the two groups occupy different regions on a spin period vs. lightcurve amplitude diagram. These differences are interpreted in the context of KBO collisional evolution.