TOXICITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Rhizophora apiculata MANGROVE USING DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTION

Abstract

Rhizophora apiculata is a type of mangrove widely used as a traditional medicine. This potential is produced by the content of secondary metabolites that environmental conditions, age, and other factors can influence. This study aims to determine the best solvent for R. apiculata extract based on toxicity and antibacterial parameters. R. apiculata used in this study came from the Kuala Langsa area and Telaga Tujuh Island (East Aceh), with different tree diameters (2.4, 4.8, 5, 13, 23.3, & 26 cm). The samples were macerated three times for 24 hours using 99.8% methanol (MeOH) and 99.9% ethanol (EtOH) solvents. The samples were boiled for 15 minutes at a temperature of 85–90°C using aquades as the solvent. Extraction using a ratio of 10:1 (v/w) with 2 g of simplicia powder and 20 mL of solvent. The toxicity test was conducted using the brine shrimp lethality assay method and the antibacterial test using the disk diffusion assay method. Toxicity tests showed that the ethanol extract had the highest toxicity value with an LC50 value of 26.879 μg/ mL. Aquadest extract produced the highest inhibition zone with a value of 11.37±0.85 mm in Escherichia coli and 17.67±1.19 mm in Staphylococcus aureus. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that the solvent had a significant effect on the bacterial inhibition zone (p<0.05), while tree diameter had no significant effect (p<0.05). Ethanol solvent extract produced the highest toxicity value, while aquadest solvent extract produced the largest inhibition zone.