Plasma-activated water regulated transcriptome gene expression leading to high germination and growth of mung beans

Abstract

Background: Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a solution created by exposing water to cold atmospheric plasma discharge, resulting in a biocidal agent with unique biochemical properties attributed to highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been the subject of research for its potential in promoting seed germination. While it has shown promising results, the exact mechanism by which PAW promotes seed growth remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of PAW in promoting mung bean germination, including its effects on vitality improvement and the triggering of plant stress responses to promote crop growth. Through the utilization of next-generation sequencing, we aim to explore the interaction between the properties of PAW and gene expression in mung beans. By deciphering the nature of PAW and analyzing gene expression patterns, we hope to uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern their interaction. Results: The results revealed that nitrogen plasma-activated water (NPAW) treatment improves the vitality and hypocotyl length of mung beans and leads to a good overall growth state. Moreover, we identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes related to stress responses, growth regulation, and metabolic processes, that were upregulated or downregulated in response to PAW treatment. As a result of APAW treatment, 168 genes were upregulated and 90 genes were downregulated. Furthermore, 179 genes were upregulated in the NPAW compared to 125 genes that were downregulated in the control group. Gene expression analysis revealed involvement in stress signaling and metabolic processes. Conclusions: PAW treatment can promote crop growth and serve as a reference for other seeds. This research provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and benefits of PAW in sustainable agriculture. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].