Comparison of the predictive performance of systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for three-month poor functional outcome in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of global mortality and disability. Early and accurate prognosis is crucial for patient management. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are emerging inflammatory biomarkers; however, their relative predictive value for three-month poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] > 2) remains uncertain. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to 20 July 2025, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies reporting the association of SII or NLR with three-month poor outcome were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Area under the curve (AUC), odds ratios (OR), and standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using random-effects models in Stata 16.0. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 7520 IS patients were analysed. NLR demonstrated marginally superior discriminative ability compared to SII (AUC 0.71, 95% CI: 0.67–0.76 vs. 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64–0.71), though this difference was not statistically significant. Elevated NLR was significantly associated with poor outcome (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.17–1.37, p