New generation of hybrid materials based on gelatin and bioactive glass particles for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

Hybrid scaffolds based on bioactive glass (BAG) particles (<38 µm), covalently linked to gelatin (G*) using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), have been studied for bone bioen-gineering. In this study, two glass compositions (13-93 and 13-93B20 (where 20% of the SiO2 was replaced with B2O3)) were introduced in the gelatin matrix. The Cfactor (gelatin/GPTMS molar ratio) was kept constant at 500. The hybrids obtained were found to be stable at 37 °C in solution, the condition in which pure gelatin is liquid. All hybrids were characterized by in vitro dissolution in Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) solution (for up to 4 weeks) and Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) (for up to 2 weeks). Samples processed with 13-93B20 exhibited faster initial dissolution and significantly faster precipitation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer. The faster ion release and HA precipitation recorded from the G*/13-93B20 samples are attributable to the higher reactivity of boro-silicate compared to silicate glass. The MC3T3-E1 cell behavior in direct contact with the hybrids was investigated, showing that the cells were able to proliferate and spread on the developed bio-materials. Tailoring the glass composition allows us to better control the material’s dissolution, bi-odegradability, and bioactivity. Bioactive (especially with 13-93B20 BAG) and biocompatible, the hybrids are promising for bone application.