The Impact of Wearable Technologies on Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global health concern and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite effective treatments, blood pressure control remains suboptimal due to challenges in medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring. Wearable technologies offer potential solutions by providing continuous monitoring and promoting healthier behaviors. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of wearable technologies on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. A comprehensive search of databases identified six randomized controlled trials, which varied in sample size, interventions, and outcomes. The meta-analysis revealed small, non-significant effects on systolic (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95%CI -0.57, 0.04) and diastolic (SMD = -0.16, 95%CI -0.41, 0.08) blood pressure, with considerable heterogeneity across studies. While wearable technologies show promise in hypertension management, their effects on blood pressure control are inconsistent. Future research should focus on more tailored interventions, identifying patient subgroups that may benefit most, and integrating wearables with traditional care to enhance hypertension management.