Spectrophotometric, difference spectroscopic, and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of cefixime in pharmaceutical formulations

Abstract

Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric, difference spectroscopic, and liquid chromatographic (LC) methods are described for the determination of cefixime. The first method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of cefixime with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinon hydrazone HCl in presence of ferric chloride. The absorbance of reaction product was measured at the maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax), 630 nm. The difference spectroscopic method is based on the measurement of absorbance of cefixime at the absorbance maximum, 268 nm, and minimum, 237 nm. The measured value was the amplitude of maxima and minima between 2 equimolar solutions of the analyte in different chemical forms, which exhibited different spectral characteristics. The conditions were optimized, and Beer's law was obeyed for cefixime at 1 to 16 μg/mL and 10 to 50 μg/mL, respectively. The third method, high-performance LC, was developed for the determination of cefixime using 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0)-methanol (78 + 22, v/v) as the mobile phase and measuring the response at λmax 286 nm. The analysis was performed on a Lichrospher RPC18 column. The calibration curve was obtained for cefixime at 5 to 250 μg/mL, and the mean recovery was 99.71 ± 0.01%. The methods were validated according to the guidelines of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and also assessed by applying the standard addition technique. The results obtained in the analysis of dosage forms agreed well with the contents stated on the labels.