ROBOTIC PET THERAPY IMPROVES OUTCOMES FOR HOSPITALIZED OLDER ADULTS

Abstract

This randomized controlled trial at an inner city community hospital examined the effect of a robotic pet (cat or dog) on cognition, loneliness, depression, delirium, falls, restraint use, and 1:1 companion use in 160 adults over age 65. The study utilized robotic pets which have an audible heartbeat and interact by purring or barking, turning their heads, opening/closing their eyes, snuggling, wagging their tails, moving their paws, and showing their bellies. The average cost of a robotic pet ranged from $100-$125. Participants were randomized to one of two groups (80 participants per group). Participants in the experimental group received their choice of a cat or dog robot for the duration of their hospital stay. Since the robotic pets could not be disinfected, the robots were single patient use. Patients were encouraged to take the robotic pet home with them. Participants in the control group received a daily 15 minute visit from a nursing student. Measures (Mini-cog, 3 Item UCLA loneliness scale, GDS, and CAM) were administered upon study enrollment and prior to discharge. Patients who had the robotic pet during hospitalization had less delirium, loneliness, fewer falls, and less 1:1 companion use (p<0.001) than patients who did not have a robot. There was no significant difference in cognition, and depression. Patient and caregiver feedback was overwhelmingly positive. There were too few restraints reported in the sample to allow for statistical modeling. Study findings validate the use of this innovative cost effective technology for hospitalized older adults.