The Dilemma of Higher Education in the 21st Century: Elite to Massive

Abstract

Amid the globalized higher education transition from elite to massive, new dilemmas have been identified and need to be addressed in the current time, which requires analysis and reference to previous instances of educational systems that have experienced the shift. This paper explores and integrates the key issues in terms of higher education in the 21st century through literature review and comparative study, summarizing them in three dimensions: students, educational institutions, and society. To tackle these issues, it is necessary for higher education to undergo a change which is both sensitive to quality and quantity. This article has the potential to strengthen the insights of future researchers and educators into higher education and inspire their will to overcome existing dilemmas in both research and practical fields.